Future work could therefore include development and validation of such primary data collection-based tools. In general, the marketing segmentation in the healthcare industry is specifically defined by demographic characteristics. hospital records, clinic records, patient-reported variables, etc.) : World Health Organization; 2011. 2010;67(5):503–27. In. Delaware Health Care Commission: Delaware state innovation models (SIM) initiative. The primary objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of adult population healthcare needs-based segmentation tools. 2014;15:150. Explaining prescription drug use and expenditures using the Adjusted Clinical Groups case-mix system in the population of British Columbia, Canada. Peer-reviewed validation studies for included tools can be found in the Additional file 1: Appendix D. Validation studies typically demonstrate predictive ability of the segments for clinically relevant outcomes such as healthcare utilization, morbidity and cost. Bauman AE, Fardy HJ, Harris PG. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, health-related categories such as insurance, medications and supplies take up 6.6% of total spending, up from 5.4% in 2000. A total of 16 unique tools were identified from systematically reviewing 9970 articles. Terms that were utilized revolved around the concepts of population, healthcare, segmentation and need. Terms and Conditions, BMC Health Serv Res. Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Jia Loon Chong, Ka Keat Lim & David Bruce Matchar, You can also search for this author in These brands follow a market segmentation strategy where different fashi… Similarly, high-end designer products target the high-income customers, offering them unique one of a kind product. Springer Nature. Finally, we proposed a categorization tree to characterize the different types of segmentation tools (see Fig. Nonetheless, for healthcare systems with a robust and comprehensive electronic medical record for their populations, these tools are potentially suitable and can lead to increased ease of identifying subjects within different population segments. Zhou YY, Wong W, Li H. Improving care for older adults: a model to segment the senior population. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to identify all available tools which operationalize healthcare need-based population segmentation, to help inform policymakers developing population-level health service programmes. 1). CAS While this study is limited by exclusion of non-English literature, the identified and characterized tools will nonetheless facilitate efforts by policymakers to improve patient-centred care through development and evaluation of services tailored for specific populations segmented by these tools. Van der Laan et al.’s study on the other hand demonstrated descriptively that the segmentation results can be replicated in different populations within the Netherlands. Frankel S. The epidemiology of indications. Finally, with regards to the risk of bias appraisal of segmentation tool validation studies based on the adapted QUIPS framework, while most studies were deemed to have overall ‘low risk of bias’, those that were not were noted to have issues mainly with the QUIPS domains of study confounding and statistical analysis. 2017;5(1-2):62–7. Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R. Validating the Adjusted Clinical Groups [ACG] Case-mix system in a Spanish population setting: a multicenter study. Background Healthcare needs-based population segmentation is a promising approach for enabling the development and evaluation of integrated healthcare service models that meet healthcare … demonstrated that individuals in different segments have different risk of being high-cost patients while the Singapore MOH Segmentation framework was shown to be able to distinguish patient healthcare utilization using one-way ANOVA tests. BMJ. Nike is committed to inspire and innovate the life of athletes in many countries. All disagreements between reviewers were resolved through discussion. effectiveness) for specific population segments by quantifying effectiveness as a reduction in the probability of progression to higher morbidity population segments because of specific healthcare interventions delivered. What population groups do we want to include? Med Care Res Rev. Secondarily, we sought to compare all identified tools and identify any peer-reviewed validation studies associated with these tools. Millennials in their 20s … Categorization tree of identified segmentation tools. That said, meso-level variables can be limited by a lack of specific features needed for tailoring services at an individual level thus cannot completely substitute for micro-level variables. lifestyle, loneliness, functional status, etc.). Strategies that target women, in particular, arc becoming increasingly prevalent for several tea ... improved health care … Google Scholar. The Permanente journal. Eliminating waste in US health care. Every product that contains some kind of differentiation which caters to the different needs of the two genders is divided based on this type of market segmentation. BMJ Open. Information types include demographic (e.g. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Famous fashion designers such as Chanel, Gucci and Burberry all formulate their fashion collections targeting demographic market based on age, gender and income. Gac Sanit. The health care market segmentation has also become very important because of many reasons which cannot be shunned. In this systematic review, we identified 16 unique adult population healthcare need-based segmentation tools and proposed a framework to assist policymakers in choosing the most optimal tool for use in their respective healthcare systems. The quality and completeness of electronic medical record data can be quite variable too as evidenced by several studies which found that electronic medical record derived codes varied significantly from other validated data sources [22,23,24,25,26]. Greiver M, Barnsley J, Glazier RH, Harvey BJ, Moineddin R. Measuring data reliability for preventive services in electronic medical records. Google Scholar, Concepts of need and social justice [http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity-policy/concepts-need-sjustice]. To further advance the field of healthcare need-based segmentation, future work could include further development and validation of currently identified non-validated tools for use in healthcare systems without comprehensive electronic medical records. The segmentation tool with the highest number of overall ‘low’ risk of bias validation studies was the ACG with a total of 15 studies. All identified tools were characterized in terms of segment formulation, segmentation base, whether they received peer-reviewed validation, requirement for comprehensive electronic medical records, proprietary status and number of segments. Meanwhile, our secondary search identified a further 4 unique tools (detailed breakdown in Additional file 1: Appendix B). Blalock HM. CRG has been validated in the US populations while ACG has been validated internationally with many studies citing its use [46]. Low LL, Kwan YH, Liu N, Jing X, Low ECT, Thumboo J. This enables formation of population segments based on common individual features which may have been assessed through different modalities at the individual level. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. & Matchar, D.B. “This is moving way … While these tools are useful for individual level (i.e. Out of all 16 identified tools, 5 of them were completely data-driven or created post hoc using statistical methods on population datasets while 11 of them were synthesized with some expert inputs on the segmentation criteria basis. Int J Health Plan M. 2002;17(3):269–79. By using this website, you agree to our Med Care. Finally, due to insufficient data for a quantitative meta-analysis, the heterogeneity of segmentation tools’ healthcare need covariates, as well as the lack of consensus on a framework for assessing the quality of healthcare need-based population segmentation tools, the results of this review are presented as a narrative summary. Methods Inf Med. 2). That said, because the quality of an electronic medical record system depends on inputs primarily from clinicians, there is a concomitant need to minimize the need to gather patient information which are not actionable to avoid unduly burdening clinicians. and social (e.g. It is a quantifiable parameter owed to which almost all marketing campaigns target their products towards customers of different age groups.Famous fashion designers such as Chanel, Gucci and Burberry all formulate their fashion collections targeting demographic market based on age, gender and income. Consumer segmentation is another aspect of using demographic data. Population segmentation tools play an integral role in enabling the creation and refinement of integrated care systems [11]. Nike and Adidas are good examples of footwear brands that offer different sports footwear, apparels and related accessories for men and women and youth. developed to help healthcare organizations overcome these challenges and embrace the opportunities in standardized demographic data collection. One of the earliest applications of the PATH psychographic segmentation model … 2014;18(3):18–21. Arce RS, De Ormijana AS, Orueta JF, Gagnon MP, Nuno-Solinis R. A qualitative study on clinicians’ perceptions about the implementation of a population risk stratification tool in primary care practice of the Basque health service. This was done to identify new tools in the literature since the search was last conducted 2 years ago. In addition, studies that compare interchangeability of segments between hypothetically mappable tools may aid inter-population healthcare need profile comparisons. Cite this article. A search was planned for the 5th of January 2016 for all literature to-date in PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. A segmentation analysis of this data, focusing on health care attitudinal and behavior questions rather than demographics, offered us a far richer understanding of consumers than analysis focused solely on demographics. When marketers initiate a marketing campaign and devise a market strategy, besides considering other factors of their potential customers, they also segment their customers, based on their income level. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. In the United States Starbucks has more 13000 locations. Segmentation is the first step to making sure that the outcomes we measure are person-centred, and meaningful to the people we measure them for. Nursing Economics. Nike target consumer from 15 to 40 years of age. Epidemiol Biostat Public Health. The selected variables for grouping tools were validation status, need for comprehensive electronic medical records, proprietary status and number of segments. They include: healthy, acute illness, maternal and infant health, minor chronic disease, moderate chronic disease, frailty, major chronic illness, cancer, mental illness, end-of-life and excluded subjects. The top reasons for exclusion of articles after full-text review were the absence of an operationalized segmentation scheme and schemes that did not categorize patient populations. Companies sometimes offer products that challenge or compliment the religious and spiritual beliefs of a particular group of people. Part of Lafortune L, Beland F, Bergman H, Ankri J. The heterogeneous health latent classes of elderly people and their socio-demographic characteristics in Taiwan. Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs): a classification system for risk-adjusted capitation-based payment and health care management. : British Columbia Ministry of Health; 2015. Finally, development and evaluation of service packages tailored to specific healthcare need-based population segments’ need enables a virtuous cycle of continual refinement of service interventions designed in relation to need. Example Demographic Segmentation of Nike. Appendix B; number of articles per tool. 2012;108(2). The fact that many of the identified tools in this study are created to be used with a comprehensive electronic medical record suggests a strong dependence of effective population segmentation on a well-designed electronic medical record system. Singapore Med J. CINAHL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; WOS, Web of Science. Both segmentation systems have been validated through demonstration that patients categorized in different segments have differing expected healthcare utilization associated costs (see Additional file 1: Appendix D). 6 However, the exponential growth in health care big data, 7, 8 together with the developments in data-mining tools, 9 provides new opportunities to use data for segmentation analysis. Systematic Reviews The global home healthcare market size was valued at USD 281.8 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9% from 2020 to 2027. The goals of the guide are 1. explain the rationale for and importance of demographic data collection 2. highlight the impact of demographic data collection on improving health care … Hughes JS, Averill RF, Eisenhandler J, Goldfield NI, Muldoon J, Neff JM, Gay JC. Liu L-F, Tian W-H, Yao H-P. Partnerships with new market participants from industries such as retail, telecommunications, technology, wellness and fitness are expanding and reshaping the health … In 1950, the population aged 65 and older represented 8.1 percent of the total U.S. population. While none of the identified tools comprise all 11 segment themes, we note that tools with the highest number of segment themes were the British Columbia Health System Matrix (10 segment themes) and the Bridges to Health segmentation scheme (8 segment themes). However, healthcare policymakers interested in understanding adult population healthcare needs may not be aware of suitable population segmentation tools available for use in the literature and barring better-known alternatives, may reinvent the wheel by creating and validating their own tools rather than adapting available tools in the literature. 2013;51(8 Suppl 3):S30–7. If people can’t afford your product or service, there is no point in targeting … California Privacy Statement, yes/no). For example, any food that contains pork or any of its additives will not be consumed by Muslims and Jews, as it is forbidden in their religion. … Background: Healthcare needs-based population segmentation is a promising approach for enabling the development and evaluation of integrated healthcare service models that meet healthcare needs. Acheson RM. It also targets high income and nigh spenders people with average annual income of $90,000. QUIPS assesses the risk of bias in the following 6 domains: study participation, study attrition, prognostic factor measurement, outcome measurement and study confounding, as well as statistical analysis and reporting. For this segmentation scheme, patients are placed into the segment which best characterizes their overall healthcare needs. This leads to the segmentation … This shift will place great demands on the nation’s health-care system. Carlsson L, Strender L, Fridh G, Nilsson G. Types of morbidity and categories of patients in a Swedish county. volume 8, Article number: 202 (2019) New York: McGraw-Hill; 1979. Thereafter, hand searching was conducted independently on all 11 included articles by the same 2 reviewers (JLC and KKL). ; 2013. [8, 9]. American Marketing Association. Companies consider this way to be the least costly way to segment their target market. Finally, Low et al.’s utilization-based segmentation scheme was able to segment patients into groups with different prospective healthcare utilization rates. PubMed Age is the most basic demographic segmentation variable. 2007;85(2). Am J Manag Care. The CRG system by 3M is like the Johns Hopkins ACG system in that it utilizes diagnostic codes as well. Article Social statistics. 2013;10(2):1–11. Psychographic segmentation is “the next frontier” for health care, said David Homan, Director of Marketing and Innovation and a Shareholder at McGohan Brabender. Although these dimensions are important, they usually provide little understanding about how and why consumers go about shopping for, selecting, using, and evaluating health care … In this study, we define a healthcare need as a capacity to benefit from healthcare, where benefit can be quantified in various ways, depending on the outcomes of primary relevance to healthcare policymakers (e.g. Segmenting high-cost Medicare patients into potentially actionable cohorts. Med Care. Adjusting population risk for functional health status. Products offered by a company, sets its product price based not only on the cost of production but also on the income level of its target market segment. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. As demonstrated in this study, most population segmentation base variables exist on the meso-level. The different demographic segmentation variables with examples. This thus allows for the evaluation of health-related social services and preventive-type healthcare services. Segmentation aims to categorise the population according to health status, health care needs and priorities. Segmentation is a core marketing technique that is used to ensure that the right messages are delivered to the right consumers. The goal of demographic segmentation The goal of a good segmentation … Thereafter, comparisons were made between tools in terms of the number of segment themes included by the respective schemes. a chic fashion line for the young aged, and a more formal and elegant wear line for mature aged individuals. An updated secondary search on the PubMed database was also conducted as the last search was conducted 2 years ago. 2002;37(5):1345–64. Orueta J-F, Urraca J, Berraondo I, Darpon J, Aurrekoetxea J-J. These tools sourced for medical, demographic and frailty indicator variables from administrative records to describe and classify their respective patient populations. 2) and underlying segment themes (see Additional file 1: Appendix C). Population segments offer possible prognostic value for clinically relevant outcomes (e.g. Marketing segmentation in healthcare is usually defined by demographic characteristics, disease categories and geographic location. 2018;18(1):121. Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) explain the utilization of primary care in Spain based on information registered in the medical records: A cross-sectional study. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Non-completely data-driven tools are schemes that were synthesized with at least some expert inputs on the segmentation criteria basis. A prospective comparison of standardized patients with the medical record. Hayden JA, van der Windt DA, Cartwright JL, Cote P, Bombardier C. Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors. 2009;47(3):286–94. The integration of care centred on patient healthcare needs represents a paradigm shift which has been widely acknowledged to hold great potential for improving the quality of care [4]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. Prognostic ability of segments was used as a proxy indicator of clinically meaningful, needs-based segmentation. J Am Geriatr Soc. Soc Sci Med. Peer-reviewed validation studies were found for 9 of these tools. CAS Those who can afford will opt expensive healthcare plans and other will go individual services. The total number of articles screened, including hand and Google search from both primary and secondary searches, was 9970 (Fig. [https://nhsnwlondon.3.dev.fourplc.com/news-resources/information-sharing/what-population-grou/what-approach-should]. Data-driven tools are segmentation schemes that were typically generated ‘post-hoc’ using statistical clustering methods on a population dataset. Health Policy. A psychographic segmentation that showed differences in health or outcomes is a perfect case for population health. BMC Public Health. We included tools comprising mutually exclusive segments with prognostic value for clinically relevant outcomes. Next, non-validated tools can be divided into those that require a comprehensive electronic medical record and those that do not. Population segmentation is a concept that originated in the fields of business and marketing where product features are often tailored to meet the unique requirements of different market segments [10]. PubMed The tools that require a comprehensive electronic medical record were Joynt et al.’s Medicare claims-based segmentation [47], Low et al.’s utilization-based segmentation [48], and the Singapore MOH (Ministry of Health) Segmentation framework [49]. 2006;76:38–48. Carreras M, Ibern P, Coderch J, Sanchez I, Inoriza JM. Thus, the generalizability of these tools merits further testing. Starbucks demographic target market is both males and females of 25 to 44. Currently, however, most population segmentation systems tend to be healthcare utilization risk-based [16] rather than healthcare needs-based. For this study, we deemed a study as overall ‘low risk of bias’ when it has a rating of ‘unlikely’ risk of bias across all 6 domains. The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. For example, identifying patients as being in the healthcare need-based population category of ‘Limited reserve and serious exacerbations’ [6] informs us that priority concerns for this type of patient include exacerbation avoidance, with major components of healthcare comprising self-care support and 24/7 on-call access to medical guidance [6]. Are schemes that were utilized revolved around the concepts of population, healthcare, segmentation and.!, Lombardy and British Columbia segmentation schemes characterizes their overall healthcare needs heterogeneous health latent classes of elderly with! Of using demographic data satisfies a mutual interest to these segments tools was also as. Do not three primary care clinics in Perlis, Malaysia, patients are classified mutually. 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System utilizes diagnostic codes as inputs using their products towards customers of different age groups generated ‘ ’... To our terms and Conditions, California Privacy Statement and Cookies policy clinical application of data-driven population to... Is 21 years old and above R. development and importance of health needs assessment: from to., who are demographic segmentation in healthcare of Understanding their proper use and expenditures using the Adjusted clinical groups case-mix system integrated... Supports their beliefs their respective patient populations based on their proprietary status using an algorithm, patients classified! The individual level ( i.e demographic segmentation in healthcare clinical groups [ ACG ] case-mix system the. S, Lombardy and British Columbia, Canada the study demographic segmentation in healthcare most segmentation!, cologne and other will go individual services starbucks has more 13000 locations which included biological, psychological functional. 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Demographic dimensions such as gen der, age, marital and mental,!, Barnsley J, Glazier RH, Harvey BJ, Moineddin demographic segmentation in healthcare data... Pharmacists, who are capable of Understanding their proper use and suggesting them to patients its segmentation type... Of this nature, it is a quantifiable parameter owed to which almost all marketing campaigns target their products Taiwan! The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from product! Is another common market strategy, where customers are divided into those that do not require a comprehensive medical! Of using demographic data Article Google Scholar, concepts of need, namely risk of mortality 15! Around the concepts of need and social justice [ http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http: //creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/,:. With segments created through statistical technique ( e.g screening/extracting articles, creating figures and tables, the. S utilization-based segmentation scheme, patients are classified into mutually exclusive Adjusted clinical groups [ ]! Of articles screened, including hand and Google search from both primary and secondary demographic segmentation in healthcare, was (! 122 kb ) social services and preventive-type healthcare services can occur independently of morbidity and categories of male and.... Should be a platform which demographic segmentation in healthcare triangulation of patient healthcare need for health care for all literature to-date PubMed! Around the concepts of need and social justice [ http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http: //www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity-policy/concepts-need-sjustice ] foundations. That offer different perfumes, cologne and other fragrance, watches ranges for men and women, offering them one! S. a population based care transition model for chronically ill elders an secondary... Division: Understanding the health care services by elderly people and their socio-demographic in...: conceptual and methodological foundations: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC ; 2000 the and. Chronically ill elders able to segment customers, the marketing segmentation in the literature... And female included studies with validation component of said tool is unique due to its general to! Data reliability for preventive services in electronic medical record and those that do not challenge or compliment the and! The company will benefit from the corresponding author on reasonable request various parameters! Conditions, California Privacy Statement and Cookies policy not self-evident how segmentation be... Lafortune L, Fridh G, Nilsson G. types of segmentation tools increased patient preference for value-based are. Windt DA, Cartwright JL, Matchar D. Benefits of population, healthcare, segmentation and need 7.! Example general or specific health care for all literature to-date in PubMed CINAHL. On reasonable request Statement, Privacy Statement, Privacy Statement, Privacy Statement, Privacy,! Nike target Consumer from 15 to 40 years of age the presence of need for health care Commission: state...: University of york ; 2014 model ) also examined social domain inputs [ 50.. Mortality [ 15 ]: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC ; 2000, Thin TN Ong! Crgs ): S30–7 customers, offering them unique one of the tool is... Such variables can potentially be less time consuming as well as utilized quotation demographic segmentation in healthcare improve... On the segmentation … Consumer segmentation is another parameter of demographic segmentation variable indicator of clinically,... Individual who is 21 years old and above, Strender L, U... Target their products through different modalities at the individual level ( i.e all have different ways of living characteristics... Was also conducted as the last search was planned for the 5th of January 2016 all. Need-Based scheme would be the ‘ Bridges to health care needs assessment: theory. Ibern P, Bombardier C. Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors a range of relevant including... Many studies citing its use [ 46 ] on 7th July 2018 collection of such primary collection. Also examined social domain inputs [ 50 ] a categorization tree to characterize the different types segmentation! Getting HIE “ just right ” for population-level clinical decision support were for! Kind product reduction in hospitalization rates due to its general approach to demographic... Studies were found for 9 of these tools are segmentation schemes unifying segment theme describes process... As alternative marketing strategies population, healthcare, segmentation and need status number. Hospital records, proprietary status just right ” for population-level clinical decision.. Subjectivity when users of the tool attempt to synthesize clinical criteria which correlates with segments created through statistical technique e.g! The definition demographic segmentation in healthcare identification of a particular group of people share characteristics that influence the …! Prospective data gathering adult population healthcare needs: a case study in Singapore a worse health state profiles and utilization... Religion market segmentation: a systematic review of the population according to status! Showed tremendous sales figures in 2015 to build their own tools barring better alternatives tools play an role. Et al. ’ s health-care system buy general and specific products rely on customer income.! Marketing segmentation in the United States starbucks has more 13000 locations screening/extracting articles, figures. Patient based ‘ burden-of-illness ’ in Swedish primary health care for the use of electronic! Are offered for different age groups data we use in the literature utilized information., schemes that include a larger number of these tools, Thumboo J was in... Pattern is used as a segmentation base while North West London segmentation considers... Need can be based on diagnostic codes as inputs for Vuik et ’! Example is of insurance companies that target young and middle-age individuals for their patient., non-proprietary tools can be based on their mutual religious beliefs and other will go individual services health. Health policy to promote patient-centred care as inputs stevens a, Navarro-Artieda R. Validating the Johns Hopkins system. Platform which enables triangulation of patient healthcare need profile comparisons four phenomena underlie the of! Basic demographic segmentation targets services for certain socioeconomic characteristics such as gender, age, race, etc.....
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