Gore et al. Egg-laying begins in late May, with the female laying 2 to 3 eggs over a period of 3 to 5 days. Around the turn of the century, the least tern was in danger of extirpation in the northeastern U. S. because of hunting for the millinery trade. 1998. The interior subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos) is listed by the U.S. In the interior of the continent, damming of major rivers such as the Missouri in South Dakota have resulted in much of their normal nesting habitat (river sandbars) to be submerged. Tiny, noticeably smaller than other terns, with quick flicking wingbeats. Terns range in size from the least tern, at 23 cm (9.1 in) in length and weighing 30–45 g (1.1–1.6 oz), to the Caspian tern at 48–56 cm (19–22 in), 500–700 g (18–25 oz). 1997). post breeding. Range. Range: In the East, least terns nest along the coast from southern Maine to Mexico. Least Tern Sternula antillarum. Readily identified by tiny size, though wintering adults can be confusingly similar in patterning to Common Tern; look out for black stripes extending from the shoulder to the wingtip. The eastern least tern population breeds along the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida and along the Gulf coast from Florida to Texas and probably winters in the Bahamas and Caribbean Islands. Diet and Foraging. Least Terns sometimes nest on flat gravel rooftops, usually near beaches, a habit which has its own hazards; hot tar can become stuck in the chick's down or burn the feet of chicks. Drinking, Pellet-Casting, and Defecation. Small twigs, pieces of wood, small stones or other debris usually occur near the nest. Migratory Behavior. The least tern breeds along the Atlantic Coast from Maine south to Florida and along the Gulf Coast south to Mexico. breeding . Nutrition and Energetics. Geographic range. Even where sand bars exist, unnatural water fluctuations due to regulation of river water from dams often results in unsuccessful nesting. Reproduction: Least terns arrive in Connecticut in early May and quickly form pairs that last the whole season. Interior least terns prey on small fish. A real beach bum, rarely straying far from sand, both on the coast and along inland rivers and lakes. 1981), likely to cause a loss of reproductive success through late-nesting birds experiencing lower hatching success due to predation (Mendillo 2009). Least terns breed in three North American populations: along the Atlantic coast from Maine to Texas, the Pacific Coast from California to Mexico, and the major rivers in the Mississippi watershed. Movements and Migration. Inland, we worked with diverse government partners to improve Interior Least Tern habitat and monitoring. Both eggs and chicks are well camouflaged, helping them to remain hidden from predators. Migration Overview. Little Tern Sterna albifrons occuring in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia and Least Tern Sterna antillarum from the Americas. Box 29460 Honolulu, Hawaii 96820-1860 Tristan McKee P.O. The least tern (Sternula antillarum) is a species of tern that breeds in North America and locally in northern South America.It is closely related to, and was formerly often considered conspecific with, the little tern of the Old World.Other close relatives include the yellow-billed tern and Peruvian tern… Version 97.1. the northern limit of the Least Tern’s range in California. Historically, the breeding range for least terns in Florida has included all coastlines and some interior locations. The prior rating for the Least Tern was Lower Risk. Description identification. The population trend for the Least Tern is decreasing, but because of its widespread range the conservation status is Least Concern as of June 2013. Depending on habitat availability, tern nesting colonies can range from 2 to 70 pairs. Control and Physiology of Migration . Least Tern: Scientific (Sternula antillarum antillarum) Order: CHARADRIIFORMES: Family (Latin) Laridae: Family (English) Gulls, Terns, Skimmers: Other name(s) Breeding Regions: NA, MA: Breeding Range Subregions: widespread: Nonbreeding Range Subregions: n SA coast: Countries (BETA)map It has lost nesting habitat and declined in numbers throughout its range. Patagial tagging has been shown to cause a highly significant increase in nest desertation (Brubeck et al. This migratory bird is a U.S. federally listed endangered subspecies. Least Terns nest in colonies, where nests can be as close as 10 feet but are often 30 feet or more apart. Gough, G.A., Sauer, J.R., Iliff, M. Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter. The Least Tern is a priority species for ABC. In fall, least terns migrate south to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America. Breeding adults have yellow bill, stumpy yellow feet, white forehead, and black cap. The California least tern, Sternula antillarum browni, is a subspecies of least tern that breeds primarily in bays of the Pacific Ocean within a very limited range of Southern California, in San Francisco Bay and in northern regions of Mexico. They do form a superspecies (including Saunder's Tern, Yellow-billed Tern and Peruvian Tern). adult plum. Habitat in Nonbreeding Range. Nests are constructed from late-May to mid-July and consist of a shallow depression on an open, sandy river bank. Least Terns are threatened in many parts of its range. published up to the late 1990s include Brazil in the non-breeding range of the Least Tern. While its breeding range is broad, and it is common in places, this species has faced many challenges. 2007; Zambrano et al. Good Turns for Least Tern. Mainly coastal, but also occurs inland locally. Least Tern is a broadly distributed species of coastal flats and river sandbars. Least Tern: Population name: antillarum: Breeding range: W Atlantic Coast S of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean: Non-breeding range: Coasts Colombia - N Brazil: Red List Category: Least Concern: Ramsar regions: Neotropics North America Notes Food Selection and Storage. Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) is a species of bird in the Laridae family. That rating was downgraded to Least Concern in 2004 due the size of the Least Tern population. Map from the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Tiny, delicate-looking tern. This wonderful, hand-colored folio collotype is from Rex Brasher’s Birds and Trees of North America. The Least Tern is the smallest tern in North America and nests on sandy beaches along both coasts of the United States, and along major rivers in the interior of the continent. This inclusion is based on a few, old (late 19th and early 20th centuries) museum specimens, all of which have been collected on the northern and north-eastern coasts of this country’. Much like the Verge, the Eclipse has a focus on speed and good looks with the same folding portability as the rest of the range but with larger 26” wheels. Little Tern Sterna albifrons occuring in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia and Least Tern Sterna antillarum from the Americas. They do form a superspecies (including Saunder's Tern, Yellow-billed Tern and Peruvian Tern). 2699203 VAT Number 591272335 × Your Basket. Metabolism and Temperature Regulation. The work was published in 1931 by Meriden Gravure Co. in the Chickadee Valley in Kent, Connecticut. adult plum. A 1990 recovery plan set an overall population goal of 7,000 birds, which has been exceeded since 1994. This collotype is from set # […] Diet. Habitat. Least Tern: Scientific (Sternula antillarum) Order: CHARADRIIFORMES: Family (Latin) Laridae: Family (English) Gulls, Terns, Skimmers: Other name(s) Breeding Regions: NA, MA: Breeding Range Subregions: widespread: Nonbreeding Range Subregions: n SA coast: Countries (BETA)map Least tern range map from Birds of the World, maintained by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. The original illustrations were done by Rex Brasher, and the text was written by Brasher’s niece, Marie. The species is entirely limited to rooftop colonies in some regions (Gore et al. In the 1800s, ladies wore hats with bird feathers, and Least Tern wings were used as decorations. The Least Tern has a range of nearly half a million square kilometers. It also breeds along the Pacific Coast from California south to Mexico. The nest is a shallow depression in an open, sandy area, gravelly patch, or exposed flat. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service lists the least tern population found in the interior U. S. as endangered. The Range, Elsie Margaret House, William Prance Road, Plymouth, PL6 5ZD Registered No. The species winters from the Gulf Coast and Central America south to Peru and Brazil. There are also populations that nest in the Missouri and Mississippi River systems and on the Pacific coast. The Least Tern is vulnerable to human disturbance. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD. Timing and Routes of Migration. During the breeding season, Least Terns typically nest and raise young on dry riverine sandbars in wide, braided rivers, and along the shores of reservoirs and lakes. Red List Category. The Least Tern is evaluated as Least Concern at this time. Formerly a common breeding bird throughout most of its current range, the interior least tern is now extremely limited in both numbers and distribution. Feeding. The interior least tern population is now estimated at roughly 18,000 birds. Download Interior Least Tern Range Map PDF. The historic breeding range of the Interior Least Tern in Nebraska included the Missouri River, the Platte River (from its mouth to the place where the south and north Platte rivers flow together, including several parts of the south and north Platte rivers), the Loup River, and approximately 100 miles of the lower Niobrara River. The Atlantic Coast population is the largest at about 10,000 pairs. They can also be found nesting on sand and gravel piles at mining operations near rivers. Least Tern has three breeding populations that have been described as distinct subspecies: along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts from New England south through the Caribbean (S.a. antillarum); along rivers in the central United States (S.a. athalassos); and on the Pacific Coast from San Francisco Bay to western Mexico (S.a. browni). But least terns have proven resilient to habitat changes and have benefited from improved river management to create suitable habitat. Filters X. They plunge into the water to capture prey items. Breeding plumage has black cap with white forehead chevron, black-tipped yellow bill. They are longer-billed, lighter-bodied, and more streamlined than gulls, and their long tails and long narrow wings give them an elegance in flight. Range of the Least Tern during breeding season, based on Breeding Bird Survey data. (2007) estimated the Florida population of breeding least terns at 12,562 pairs, based on surveys from 1998 – 2000. Diet . Subspecific information 3 subspecies. Summary; Text account; Data table and detailed info; Distribution map; Reference and further resources; Select View Summary; Text account; Data table and detailed info; Distribution map; Reference and further resources; Current view: summary Family: Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) Authority: Lesson, 1847 . Least Terns eat a diet of mostly fish. Status. Range and Habitat . Stinson Beach, California 94970 (ppyle@prbo.org) Nancy Hoffman and Bruce Casler Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge P.O. Little and Least Terns Breeding on Midway Atoll: Identification, Range Extensions, and Assortatie Breeding Behavior Peter Pyle 4990 Shoreline Hvvy. Habitat in Breeding Range. It also breeds in isolated areas inland along the Missouri, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers inland to Montana, Kentucky, and Missouri. Least Terns banded in southern California, including San Diego County, have been seen in winter along the Pacific coast of Guatemala, of Chiapas, southern Mexico, and of Colima, western Mexico (Massey 1981). Fish and Wildlife Service (1985) as endangered, except within 80 km of the coast. The population of the Least Tern is estimated at around 70,000 individual birds. They hunt by hovering on the wing until prey is found. 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