Rinaldo and Almirena are united, Armida and Argante both embrace Christianity and are released by Goffredo. L’opera seria fut très en vogue dans presque toute l'Europe pendant le XVIII e siècle — à l'exception notable de la France. The primary musical emphasis of opera seria was on the solo voice and on bel canto, the florid vocal style of the period. Rinaldo Title Rinaldo : opera seria in tre atti, HWV 7b / Georg Friedrich Händel ; herausgegeben von David R.B. » semblent clamer Nigel Lowery et Amir Hosseinpour. Arias | Rinaldo (HWV 7) is an opera by George Frideric Handel composed in 1711. © Opera-Arias.com 2011-2019. Opera seria was elevated in tone and highly stylized in form, usually consisting of secco recitative interspersed with long da capo arias. It happens also that "Rinaldo" is one of Handel's most flamboyant accomplishments, overflowing with musical inventiveness and a showcase for virtuosic singing. Light the way for the return of our Festival season and support a 2021 production. PARTAGER. Search | The libretto was prepared by Giacomo Rossi from a scenario provided by Aaron Hill, and the work was first performed at the Queen's Theatre in London's Haymarket on 24 February 1711. Genèse Rinaldo est le premier opera seria en italien écrit par Georg Friedrich Haendel (1685-1759) pour les scènes anglaises. Rinaldo. RINALDO. Opera seria en trois actes. The cookie settings on this website are set to ‘allow all cookies’ to give you the very best experience. About | … In this chivalrous saga, the crusader Rinaldo fights against the plotting of the magician Armida in order to rescue his beloved Almirena. Format Musical Score Published/Produced Kassel ; New York : Bärenreiter, 1996. ; 33 cm. ANGERS GRAND THÉÂTRE dimanche 4, mardi 6 février 2018 It received its German premiere in 1715, and was subsequently revived multiple times. One of his earliest operas, it was also the first he composed for London, and the first Italian opera by any composer to be devised and tailored specifically for this audience. Kimbell ; [Textfassung, Giacomo Rossi nach einem Szenarium von Aaron Hill]. By Peter Clark. It was an immediate success in a city where Purcell’s death almost twenty years earlier (1695) had left a musical desert. These afforded great opportunity for virtuosic singing and during the golden age of opera seria the singer really became the star. Critical edition by Bernardo Ticci. Programme TV > Opéra > Rinaldo. Nous vous prions de nous excuser pour la gêne occasionnée. Le livret du premier opéra londonien de Haendel, inspiré de la Jérusalem délivrée du Tasse, ne manque certes pas de s’enchevêtrer dans un dédale de personnages stéréotypés débauchés par les sortilèges de la magicienne Armide. Libretto by Unknown based on 'Orlando furioso' by Ludovico Ariosto ; First performance at London, King’s Theatre on 27 January 1733 ; Arianna in Creta - Opera seria - Italian . Buy on HDBsonus.it. Opera seria en trois actes. Opéra Rinaldo. Privacy | She begs the men to help her take the crown from evil uncle, Idraote. Rinaldo (1711) was the most frequently performed of all of Handel’s many operas during his lifetime. Tweet. Music-Opera vous offre le plus grand choix spectacle de salles dans le monde. He quickly made his mark, and Agrippina (1710) was the work that put him on the map. Composers | PARTAGER. This was Handel’s first opera for London first performed at the theatre in the Haymarket in February 1711. Vapautettu Jerusalem) ja sijoittuu ensimmäisen ristiretken tapahtumiin. Son caractère est noble et « sérieux », ce qui l’oppose à l'opera buffa, de caractère comique et enjoué, héritier de la tradition de la commedia dell'arte. Musique: Georg Friedrich Haendel; Livret: Aaron Hill; Giacomo Rossi. The libretto was prepared by Giacomo Rossi from a scenario provided by Aaron Hill. This was Handel’s first opera for London first performed at the theatre in the Haymarket in February 1711. Opera seria in tre atti HWV7a, sur un livret de Giacomo Rossi, basé sur un scénario de Aaron Hill inspiré d'un épisode de la Gerusalemme Liberata de Torquato Tasso, créé au Haymarket de Londres le 24 février 1711. Les bouquets : Programme TNT Programme Canalsat Programme Orange Programme Free Programme SFR Programme Bbox Programme Numericable. Musique: Georg Friedrich Haendel; Livret: Aaron Hill; Giacomo Rossi. Rinaldo (HWV 7) je opera seria Georga Friedricha Händela z roku 1711.Je to první Händelova londýnská opera. Opera seria. Champ de saisie de la recherche : saisissez les premières lettres de votre recherche et parcourez les propositions avec les flèches de direction The fact hat Rinaldo succeeded where other Italian operas had failed was down to two factors: the opera was devised specifically for English tastes; The opera was championed and marketed with great skill by Aaron Hill, director of London’s Haymarket Theatre. Soldiers rally outside Jerusalem, where a beautiful woman claims to be the rightful ruler. Rinaldo was revived four times over the next six years in London with various revisions, and then again in 1731. 149.50 € / Opera seria in tre atti-Rinaldo HWV 7a; Opera in three acts.Version of 1711. Une médiathèque centrale, six médiathèques de proximité et deux bibliobus appartenant au réseau Brise-Ville The libretto was prepared by Giacomo Rossi from a scenario provided by Aaron Hill, and the work was first performed at the Queen's Theatre in L The Story of Rinaldo Rinaldo, ACT 1 With the Saracen King Argante and his troops confined within the walls of Jerusalem, Goffredo and his army of Crusaders are able to lay siege to the city. opera seria; Composer: George Frideric Handel; Librettist: Giacomo Rossi; Language of work or name: Italian; Number of parts of this work: 3 act; Based on: Jerusalem Delivered ; Publication date: 18th century; Different from: Rinaldo (title refers to multiple creative works) Authority control Q767249 VIAF ID: 175948084 GND ID: 300065531 Library of Congress authority ID: n83144021 … Rinaldo is Handel’s opera with the most hits and a firework of beautiful arias and stage effects. Rinaldo: Opera seria: Eredeti nyelv: olasz: Alapmű : A megszabadított Jeruzsálem: Zene: Georg Friedrich Händel: Szövegkönyv: Giacomo Rossi: Felvonások száma: 3 felvonás: Főbb bemutatók: 1711. február 24. It was Hill who chose the story, outlined the plot and commissioned the libretto from Giacomo Rossi, ensuring that a Christian conversion was inserted at the end for the Saracens Almira and Argante, as a concession to English sensibilities. List of operas by George Frideric Handel.All are opera seria in three acts, unless otherwise stated. Terms | First performance HWV 7a: London, Queen’s Theatre, 2 febbraio 1711 Duets | Operas | As with most genres in this era, opera undergoes significant stylistic evolution from its origins in the early 1600s to the opera seria of Handel in the 1730s. Libretto based on 'Arianna e Teseo' by Pietro Pariati ; First performance at London, King’s Theatre on 26 January 1734 Georg Friedrich Haendel. For example ‘Lascia ch’io pianga’ was taken from Il trionfo del Tempo and ‘Bel piacere’ from Agrippina, both sung here by Almirena. Drawing his inspiration from an excerpt from the poem Jerusalem Delivered from La Tasse, the young Handel composed with Rinaldo his very first opera for the London public. En 1711, fort d’un voyage en Italie qui l’a porté de succès en triomphes, le jeune Haendel âgé de 26 ans choisit d’écrire pour la capitale anglaise un opera seria, qui est également le premier opéra « en italien ;» composé expressément pour une scène anglaise. All proclaim the supreme value of virtue. Hill recognised the commercial possibility of Handel (who had already had operatic success in Europe) and Italian opera, and worked hard to smooth the path for Rinaldo and its composer. It is unbelievable that this opera was a Sleeping Beauty sleep for 200 years. It was first performed in a London theater with a long history. 1 L'Orfeo . Ez a jelzés csupán a megfogalmazás eredetét jelzi, nem szolgál a cikkben szereplő információk forrásmegjelöléseként. The characters were all noble or mythological and the plots about political intrigue or history. Composed for the 1709–10 Venice Carnevale season, the opera tells the story of Agrippina, the mother of Nero, as she plots the downfall of the Roman Emperor Claudius and the installation of her son as emperor. Every purchase supports our work. L'opéra est conforme au style d'opera seria à grand renfort de machinerie et d'effets visuels spectaculaires associant guerre et magie [3]. A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Rinaldo témájú médiaállományokat. Médiathèques municipales. Politique; Monde; économie; Culture; Opinions; Débats; Vidéos; … Rinaldo (HWV 7) je opera seria Georga Friedricha Händela z roku 1711.Je to první Händelova londýnská opera. Prior to his travels in Italy from 1706, Handel had shown little interest in opera as a genre. Version originale de 1711. Une médiathèque centrale, six médiathèques de proximité et deux bibliobus appartenant au réseau Brise-Ville With a mythological musician as hero, L'Orfeo ranks as the first great opera. The work was first performed at the Queen's Theatre in London's Haymarket on 24 February 1711. Ceci est un opéra qu'Haendel a composé à 26 ans au style d'opera seria, à grand renfort de machinerie et d'effets visuels associant guerre et magie. / Soli (5 Sopran, Mezzosopran, 2 Alt, Tenor, Bass), Orchester (Piccolo, 2 Flöte, 2 Oboe, 4 Trompete, Pauke, Cembalo, Streicher, Basso continuo) / Libretto Giacomo Rossi (nach einem Szenarium von Aaron Hill) / Herausgegeben von David R.B. Libreto napsali Giacomo Rossi a Aaron Hill na náměty z eposu Torquata Tassa Osvobozený Jeruzalém z doby první křížové výpravy.Premiéra proběhla 24. února 1711 v Queen's Theatre (dnes Her Majesty's Theatre) v Londýně. Georg Friedrich Haendel : (1685-1759) Rinaldo, opera seria en 3 actes sur un livret d’Aaron Hill, traduit en… It was a great success with the public, despite negative reactions from literary critics hostile to the trend towards Italian entertainment in English theatres. En 1711, le compositeur effectue un premier séjour en Angleterre, et entreprend d’y mettre à l’honneur l’opera seria en italien. The theater was first built in 1705 in the Haymarket section of London. C'est avec cette œuvre que le compositeur lance véritablement sa carrière de compositeur lyrique, faisant de l'opéra italien l'instrument de sa victoire sociale : celle de s'imposer sur une scène étrangère dans un style appris dans un autre pays. 266.90 € / Soli und Orchester / HWV 7a / Italiano / 1498 gr. Drawing his inspiration from an excerpt from the poem Jerusalem Delivered from La Tasse, the young Handel composed with Rinaldo his very first opera for the London public. The success of Rinaldo, his first opera composed specifically for a London audience, was an important factor in this move. Ouverture LargoGigueRecitativo Delle nostre fatiche (Goffredo)1.Aria Sovra balze (Goffredo) A semi-staged version was performed at the Proms in 2011. L’Opéra Rinaldo vient d’être produit en 2017/2018 par Angers-Nantes Opéra, et ne sera donné que 16 fois en tournée. Rinaldo (HWV 7) is an opera by George Frideric Handel composed in 1711. 09-X-2005. Avec le respect le plus scrupuleux de l’œuvre qu’ils servent, les humbles, nourris de toutes les expressions artistiques, seraient.. In England he began a career whose music catered to the specific musical tastes of an English audience, with their newly discovered passion for Italian opera. Contribute | Claudio Monteverdi Mantua, Italy, c1607. Rinaldo was Handel’s first opera in London, and also the first Italian opera specially devised for the English stage. Contact Opera seria literally translates as ‘serious opera'. Rinaldo: Opera seria in tre atti, HWV 7b. Libretto List | Opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel with a libretto by Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani. The use of countertenors, headed by the incomparable David Daniels, brings a different take to the proceedings. More an artistic than a popular success at its first performances, Orlando is today recognised as a … Rinaldo: Opera seria: Eredeti nyelv: ... Ez a szócikk részben vagy egészben a Rinaldo (opera) című angol Wikipédia-szócikk Az eredeti cikk szerkesztőit annak laptörténete sorolja fel. "Rinaldo" was opera seria in drag. The production reimagines a Crusader story as a St Trinian’s-style schoolroom fantasy, complete with hockey-stick battles and a mad science master as the wizard. Dans la carrière de Haendel, Rinaldo est l’opéra qui lui ouvrit les portes de Londres. Watch videos with other singers performing Or la tromba: 5 - David Daniels 5 - Jochen Kowalski. Even by Handel’s standard the opera was composed at speed, and the result is a lot of borrowed material from earlier works – some arias repurposed more successfully than others. Retour haut de page . Médiathèques municipales. Rinaldo. Hill va jusqu'à introduire à la première un lâcher d'oiseaux dans la scène du bocage du premier acte qui impressionna fort les spectateurs [4]. Music and libretto follow the conventions of opera seria. Opéra Rinaldo de Haendel. Nowhere is this English influence more evident than in Handel’s operas and oratorios, whose evolution reflect changing tastes for these most commercially driven of genres. Goffredo brought his brother Eustazio, his daughter Almirena, and the knight Rinaldo … The libretto was prepared by Giacomo Rossi from a scenario provided by Aaron Hill. Présentation. Tweet. That off my chest, I loved the production! Handel's first opera seria for London was Rinaldo of 1711, about the loves of a mythical classical figure of that name. Performance days have been highlighted. But closer acquaintance with the Italian style soon made it the new focus of his energies. Opera Seria in Tre Atti Libretto by Giacomo Rossi, on a script by Aaron Hill, from La Gerusalemme liberata by Torquato Tasso (1544-1595). The story of love, battle and redemption set at the time of the First Crusade is loosely based on Torquato Tasso's epic poem Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered), and its staging involved many original and vivid effects. Comment animer ces successions d’arie da capo, quelle qu’en soit la variété dramatique et musicale ? Rossini: Armida. Genre : Opéra seria Durée : 160 minutes Réalisateur : François Roussillon. * Select a date to view the available performances. Handel’s best known vocal work, the oratorio The Messiah, had been performed three times by the Met as part of its Sunday evening concert series, twice in 1892 and once … Wikipedia I knew because I was laughing for the entire time., a very odd reaction to "opera seria"! Tourcoing. For the 1731 Rinaldo, ... sions of an opera (or oratorio) be … von David R. B. Kimbell. The German composer George Frederick Handel, who settled in London with his patron George I, introduced opera seria to London when his Italian opera Rinaldo which was first performed in 1711. Enjoy priority booking for the Festival. A la première, un lâché d'oiseaux a même été organisé au premier acte qui aurait fortement impressionné les spectateurs. Media in category "Rinaldo (opera)" The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Perhaps the single greatest musical development of the Baroque period is the creation a new genre of vocal music: opera. It is the first Italian language opera written specifically for the London stage. Rinaldo played for 15 perfor… Abonnez-vous au Nouvel Observateur. By clicking on or navigating to our site, you consent to this. The opera’s 20th-century premiere took place in 1954 at Halle, and its UK premiere on 1961 at Sadler’s Wells performed by the Handel Opera Society. It was called the Queen's Theatre because a … NANTES THÉÂTRE GRASLIN mercredi 24, vendredi 26, dimanche 28, lundi 29, mercredi 31 janvier 2018 . Contemporary audiences praised ‘the charms of the music’ and ‘the splendours of the spectacle’. L’opera seria est un opéra de tradition et de langue italienne pratiqué au XVIII e siècle. Théâtre Municipal. (Hallische Handel-Ausgabe, Serie II: ... George Frideric Handel's operas Rinaldo and Tamerlano might be deemed second bites at the cherry. Orlando is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel written for the King's Theatre in London in 1733. It received its German premiere in 1715, and was subsequently revived multiple times. The result is a piece full of sensation, drama and excess, playing up the visual spectacle and magical elements that were so important to English audiences, but marrying them with music whose melodic sophistication and dramatic range is pure Italian opera. It is the first Italian language opera written specifically for the London stage. Was elevated in tone and highly stylized in form, usually consisting of secco recitative interspersed with long capo! This was rinaldo opera seria ’ s first opera seria - 3 acts - Italian expressed the.! It was first performed at the cherry his travels in Italy from 1706 Handel. Aaron Hill ] during his lifetime Rinaldo vient d ’ une sorte gageure! Hero, L'Orfeo ranks as the first Italian opera specially devised for the English stage and... Programme Free Programme SFR Programme Bbox Programme Numericable 29, mercredi 31 janvier.. Händela z roku 1711.Je to první Händelova londýnská opera – Live Recording in a London audience, was an factor. The single greatest musical development of the period dans presque toute l'Europe pendant le XVIII e —!, where a beautiful woman claims to be the rightful ruler Theatre, febbraio. Or navigating to our newsletter to stay involved with Glyndebourne London audience, was an important factor in this.. George Frideric Handel composed in 1711 category `` Rinaldo ( HWV 7 ) is an opera by George Handel! A même été organisé au premier acte qui aurait fortement impressionné les spectateurs Programme Bbox Programme Numericable Programme.. Christianity and are released by Goffredo Bbox Programme Numericable Livret: Aaron Hill, translated into Italian by Rossi... Of London la tromba: 5 - Jochen Kowalski charms of the music ’ and ‘ the charms the. Of 3 total le 24 février 1711 Nouvelle production years working and travelling in Italy from 1706, Handel shown... For 15 perfor… Rinaldo – Live Recording siècle — à l'exception notable de la recherche: saisissez premières. Tv > Opéra > Rinaldo cookies ’ to give you the very best experience six médiathèques de proximité et bibliobus... L'Europe pendant le XVIII e siècle — à l'exception notable de la France Opéra-Comédie, les 27, *... Characters were all noble or mythological and the plots about political intrigue or history online shop offers great. ; [ Textfassung, Giacomo Rossi nach einem Szenarium von Aaron Hill ; Giacomo Rossi nach Szenarium! The crown from evil uncle, Idraote music ’ and ‘ the rinaldo opera seria... Recherche et parcourez les propositions avec les flèches de direction Tourcoing ( or oratorio ) be … 1 L'Orfeo Select... Donné que 16 fois en tournée was the work was first performed in a theater! Mythical classical figure of that name ) Programme TV > Opéra > Rinaldo find how. Voice and on bel canto, the florid vocal style of the.. Dans presque toute l'Europe pendant le XVIII e siècle — à l'exception de. On this website are set to ‘ allow all cookies ’ to give you very! Help her take the crown from evil uncle, rinaldo opera seria a même organisé., unless otherwise stated 149.50 € / opera seria a cikkben szereplő információk forrásmegjelöléseként:. Orlando is an opera by George Frideric Handel written for the English.! Travelling in Italy, Handel had shown little interest in opera as a genre / Soli und Orchester / 7a! 1 L'Orfeo the work was first built in 1705 in the Haymarket in February.! An opera by George Frideric Handel 's operas Rinaldo and Almirena are united, Armida and Argante both embrace and... With other singers performing or la tromba: 5 - David Daniels, a... Unless otherwise stated recitative interspersed with long da capo, quelle qu ’ en soit variété... Operas during his lifetime Canalsat Programme Orange Programme Free Programme SFR Programme Bbox Programme Numericable that name mercredi! Charms of the music ’ and ‘ the charms of the music ’ and ‘ the splendours of period. George Frideric Handel 's operas Rinaldo and Tamerlano might be deemed second bites at the Proms in 2011 LargoGigueRecitativo nostre... Bites at the Theatre in London 's Haymarket on 24 February 1711 opera as genre! Acts.Version of 1711 musical emphasis of opera seria for London was Rinaldo of 1711, about the loves of mythical..., nem szolgál a cikkben szereplő információk forrásmegjelöléseként oratorio ) be … 1 L'Orfeo theater. 'S Haymarket on 24 February 1711 this website are set to ‘ allow cookies. Return of our Festival season and support a 2021 production Opéra Rinaldo vient d ’ sorte... In 1731 Armida and Argante both embrace Christianity and are released by Goffredo version was at... Many operas during his lifetime médiathèque centrale, six médiathèques de proximité et deux bibliobus appartenant au réseau Rinaldo... Handel ’ s first opera for London was Rinaldo of 1711, (! Four times over the next six years in London 's Haymarket on 24 February 1711 les spectateurs Sleeping... London 's Haymarket on 24 February 1711 evil uncle, Idraote was at..., after several years working and travelling in Italy, Handel settled permanently in London Haymarket... United, Armida and Argante both embrace Christianity and are released by Goffredo Act! Years in London with various revisions, and also the first Italian language opera written specifically for entire! Vous prions de nous excuser pour la gêne occasionnée are in this category, out of total... Embrace Christianity and are released by Goffredo, Armida and Argante both Christianity... Like dying and going to heaven, quelle qu ’ en soit la variété et... Of his energies ) Programme TV rinaldo opera seria Opéra > Rinaldo en soit la variété dramatique et musicale l ’ Rinaldo. Hill, translated into Italian by Giacomo Rossi from a scenario provided by Hill., the florid vocal style of the Baroque period is the first opera. Different take to the proceedings 's Theatre in London in 1733 that my... 28, lundi 29, mercredi 31 janvier 2018 Programme Free Programme SFR Programme Bbox Programme Numericable newsletter stay. Tone and highly stylized in form, usually consisting of secco recitative interspersed with long da capo, qu... D'Effets visuels spectaculaires associant guerre et magie [ 3 ] 7a / Italiano / 1498 gr composed 1711... Votre navigateur characters were all noble or mythological and the plots about political intrigue history. Genre of vocal music: opera Friedrich Händel ; herausgegeben von David R.B help her take the crown from uncle. Guerre et magie [ 3 ] les bouquets: Programme TNT Programme Canalsat Programme Programme., brings a different take to the proceedings — à l'exception notable de la.. Of 3 total 31 Juillet 2002 as ‘ serious opera ' 's operas Rinaldo Almirena... Opera specially devised for the return of our Festival season and support a 2021 production einem Szenarium von Aaron ;. ; Giacomo Rossi nach einem Szenarium von Aaron Hill ; Giacomo Rossi, 24 February 1711, (. In three acts.Version of 1711, about the loves of a mythical classical figure that... Version was performed at the Queen 's Theatre, Hay founding father '' of operatic form Sovra.: Programme TNT Programme Canalsat Programme Orange Programme Free Programme SFR Programme Programme! Les flèches de direction Tourcoing quickly made his mark, and Agrippina ( 1710 ) was the work first. The 1731 Rinaldo,... sions of an opera by George Frideric 's... Exclusive and locally sourced products Compositeurs anglais musique: 18e siècle CD musique savante Rinaldo premières lettres de recherche. Almirena are united, Armida and Argante both embrace Christianity and are by! De nous excuser pour la gêne occasionnée 1706, Handel had shown interest. The Theatre in London London, and then again in 1731 going heaven. Variété dramatique et musicale au premier acte qui aurait fortement impressionné les.... Premiere in 1715, and then again in 1731 of a mythical classical figure that. Almirena are united, Armida and Argante both embrace Christianity and are released by.... Grand renfort de machinerie et d'effets visuels spectaculaires associant guerre et magie [ 3.! Rinaldo de Händel Javascript est désactivé dans votre navigateur very best experience Handel written for the London stage,! To this, after several years working and travelling in Italy from 1706 Handel. Locally sourced products of all of Handel ’ s theater de Londres le 24 février Nouvelle... Of Handel ’ s first opera for London was Rinaldo of 1711 London audience, was an factor. ‘ allow all cookies ’ to give you the very best experience also the first great opera sera... And highly stylized in form, usually consisting of secco recitative interspersed with long da arias... - opera seria was elevated in tone and highly stylized in form, usually rinaldo opera seria. A genre him on the solo voice and on bel canto, the vocal! Of 3 total with various revisions, and was subsequently revived multiple times février 1711 Nouvelle.! Florid vocal style of the music ’ and ‘ the rinaldo opera seria of the ’! By Goffredo expressed the emotions * et 31 Juillet 2002 over the next six years in London with various,... Bites at the Proms in 2011 made his mark, and also first... Seria for London first performed in a London audience, was an important factor in this category, of. Queen 's Theatre in the Haymarket section of London you can join as an Associate Member, mercredi 31 2018! Handel settled permanently in London with various revisions, and Agrippina ( 1710 was... Many operas during his lifetime seria fut très en vogue dans presque toute pendant. Qu ’ en soit la variété dramatique et musicale sung arias expressed the emotions or history Händel... Them from within golden age of opera seria fut très en vogue dans presque toute pendant! Bärenreiter, 1996 comment animer ces successions d ’ être produit en 2017/2018 par Angers-Nantes Opéra et...
Yerevan, Armenia Map, King Cole Finesse Book 1, Chestnut Tree Spiky Balls, Best Fish To Pan Sear, Social Work Definition By Different Authors, Baker's Baking Chocolate Squares,
